制造过程环境影响评价方法及其应用

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND ITS CASE

制造过程是产品生命周期中直接消耗资源和产生环境污染的重要阶段。由于制造工艺的多样化和环境影响因素的复杂化,至今仍缺少对产品制造过程环境影响评价的有效方法。事实上,每个制造工艺过程都可以看成是一个输入-处理-输出(IPO,Input-process-output)的过程,并可以利用IPO图或模型及其清单分析表进行描述和数据采集。基于工艺IPO过程模型和列昂波特相互作用矩阵,提出一种零件制造过程物料和能量消耗、环境废物排放和安全性的评价方法及其技术框架。结合一个齿轮零件的制造过程对上述方法进行了说明和验证。

Manufacturing process is a main phase inducing resource consumption and environmental pollution during the part life cycle. Because of the variety of processes and complexity of their environmental impact mechanism, there is still lack of an efficient method to evaluate the environmental impact of part manufacturing processes. Each process is regarded as an input-process-output unit process, and can be described with process IPO model. Based on process IPO models and L. B. Leopold interactive matrix, a new evaluation method and its technical framework are presented. A case study of gear manufacturing is discussed, which shows that the method is practical.