高低角型男孩颅面部软组织侧貌水平向生长变化的纵向研究

Longitudinal Study of Soft Tissue Profile Horizontal Growth Changes in Low and High Facial Skeletal Patterns in Males from 9 to 18 Years.

目的:探讨高低角型男孩颅面部软组织侧貌在水平方向的生长变化.方法:根据Bjork前颅基底稳定结构重迭法,头影测量20名男孩在自然头势状态下9、12、15和18岁的X线头颅定位侧位片,然后,统计分析颅面部软组织侧貌Ga、N'、Nasal、Sn、A'、Ls、Li、B'、Pg'及Gn'各点至垂直平面(Pr-VER)的水平向距离变化以及上下唇至美学平面(E-line)的垂直距离变化.结果:1)高低角型男孩在9～18岁期间额部、鼻根部及唇部与鼻尖的水平距离随年龄增加而增加,而颏部与鼻尖水平距离虽有增加,但在某些阶段其距离反而缩短.2)高角型男孩Ga、N'、Nasal、Pg'及Gn'点到Pr水平距离其各阶段各测量值明显大于低角型,可唇部表现则不同,高角型唇部比低角型表现为更为前突.3)高角型颏部向前生长移动幅度小于低角型,而唇部向前生长幅度明显大于低角型.相对于美学平面,低角型上下唇在9～18岁期间后退幅度明显大于高角型.结论:高低角型男孩颅面部软组织侧貌生长变化存在显著差异,其主要区别在于唇部及颏部.这对正畸临床诊断与治疗具有借鉴作用.

Objective: To compare the horizontal growth change of soft tissue profile between the high facial skeletal pattern (HFSP) and the low facial skeletal pattern (LFSP). Methods: The material consisted of nature head posture lateral cephalograms of 20 subjects, taken at 9,12,15,18 years. Serial cephalometric roentgenograms were traced upon the superimposition method based on the 'best fit' of anterior cranial base structures. Twelve variables for males facial soft tissue profile growth change between two facial skeletal patterns were measured and analyzed. Results: 1) The horizontal distances from Ga and N' points to Pr- VER in both patterns increased across age. Although Pg' and Gn' to Per- VER horizontal distances increased in whole periods, these were also showed to shorten in some periods. 2) Ga, N', Nasal, Pg' and Gn' points to Per-VER horizontal distances at all ages intervals for HFSP were larger than those for LFSP, whereas the boys with HFSP exhibited more protrusive lips when compared with those with LFSP. 3) The boys with HFSP showed less forward growth of chin and more forward growth of lips when compared with those with LFSP. The overall trend for lips to esthetic plane showed that the lips of boys with LFSP tended to become more retrusive with time than those with HFSP. Conclusion: The boys with HFSP demonstrated significantly different growth change of facial soft tissue profile, particular in lips and chin when compared with those with LFSP. This may have clinical implication in the orthodontic diagnoses and treatment.