叙事模式研究:结构主义与后结构主义

Studies on Narrative Modes: Constructionism and Postconstructionism

结构主义叙事学所呈现出的根本矛盾是叙事模式的普遍性原则与文学创作与欣赏的特殊性境遇之间的矛盾。结构主义叙事学提供了带有普遍性意义的叙事成规,但当以叙事成规去解读具体文本的时候,则不断遭遇叙事作品特殊性的挑战。结构主义叙事学式微之后,后结构主义倾向于将每一种叙事模式都放置在一定的政治、文化、历史语境之中予以探讨,比较多地照顾到叙事模式变化的特殊性。这意味着,当代叙事学已经从传统的诗学研究走向了与政治学和文化学相结合的研究路径上来。

The basic contradictions presented in the narratology of constructionism are those between the general principles of narrative modes and particular occasions of literary creation and appreciation. While the narratology of constructionism has advanced the universal narrative conventions, there would constantly arise challenges regarding the particularity of narrative works when the narrative conventions are applied in analyzing concrete literary texts. After the decline of constructionism narratology, postconstructionism is inclined to study each narrative mode in the context of certain politics, culture and history, thus paying more attention to the particularity of changes in narrative modes, which means that modern narratology has transformed from the traditional poetic studies to the approach of study integrated with political science and culturology.