海南道教的兴起与扩散

The Rise and Spread of Taoism in Hainan

海南道教最早出现于唐代,勃兴于宋元时期。宋元两代,海南州县普设道观,出现一批知名道人和道教名山胜境。明清两代,海南道教逐趋民间化,县以下观堂祠庙增多,民间授道,山尖道旁修筑风水宝塔,民间盛行多神崇拜。近代以降,海南道教世俗化,几于无处无之,并传入少数民族地区。宋代海南信奉神霄派和金丹派南宗,元代以后主要崇奉正一道。

In Hainan, Taoism made its first appearance in the Tang dynasty and thrived in the Song and Yuan dynasties. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, Taoist temples were erected in counties across Hainan, thus having led to the emergence of a host of renowned Taoists and of famous mountains and scenic spots. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Taoism came to be popular among populace, and more Taoist temples were built at townships and Taoism was inculcated among the populace. Consequentially, geomantic pagodas were set up either at hilltops or roadsides and polytheistic worship was widespread among people. Since the modern times, Taoism has become secularized in Hainan with the result that Taoism is practiced nearly everywhere and has been imparted to regions inhabited by minority nationalities. In the Song dynasty, people in Hainan tended to believe in Shen Xiao School and Jin Dan School of Taoism while Feng Zheng School has been upheld chiefly since the Yuan dynasty.