对文学理论研究对象的再认识

The research object of literary theory revisited

重新认识文学理论的研究对象,有利于科学地把握文学理论的学科形态。文学理论是关于“文学”的“理论”,一般说它的研究对象也就是文学。但文学既指作为文本的文学,又指作为现象的文学,找出各种文学因素之间的相互联系和运动规律,才是文学理论所要研究的更为重要的内容。同时,文学理论研究对象的确定,还要取决于文学理论自身的品质或内在规定性的影响。在此基础上,综合考察文学理论研究对象,可以形成三种观点。

Revisiting the research object of literary theory facilitates the scientific understanding of the form of literary theory. Literary theory is thetheory’ aboutliterature’. It is therefore generally held that its research object is literature. However, literature refers to both literature of written text and literature of phenomenon. Locating the relationships and rules among various literary factors, therefore, is more important for determining the content of literary study. Meanwhile, the determination of the research object of literary theory lies in the literary nature and the own prescriptive influences arising from the literary theory itself. This taken into consideration, the research object of literary theory can be examined comprehensively, from which three views can be developed.