私人自治与法律行为

Private Governance and Juristic Act

私人自治在民法中居立龙头之地位,而法律行为乃实践私人自治的工具。由于我国对法律行为的这一思想基础与价值内核认识得并不深切,因此,在理论、立法与司法诸层面上都肇致了明显的弊端。私人自治虽非包治百病的灵丹妙药,私法亦应诉诸自治外的其他法律价值以使自己能顺应社会发展与时代变迁,但私人自治构成私法的公理性原则却属无可动摇的既定事实,执掌权柄者时刻都应毋忘“自由主义的剃刀”。在我国,就法律行为制度的应然状态而论,目前最主要问题并非其“私人自治”的烙印过深,而是“私人自治”的色彩还太过薄弱。立法者应在真正理解私人自治精神的基础上,本着捍卫私人自治的信念来从事民法典中法律行为制度的具体构建与设计。

Private governance centers on civil law, while a juristic act serves as an instrument to realize private governance. In China, insufficient recognition of the idea and value of juristic acts often results in many disadvantages in theory, legislation and the judiciary. Private governance is not omnipotent and private law keeps adjusting itself to conform to social changes and time advances by appreciating values other than that of governance, but the fact is that private governance serves as a rational doctrine in private law. Those who wield powers shall not ignore the “liberal razor.” In China, what we should do for the moment is to strengthen private governance rather than impair it. Legislators must, based on a clear recognition of the spirits of private governance and in the faith that private governance should be maintained, design and construct the rules and principles of juristic acts in the Civil Code.