正确认识我国城市基层直接民主的主体错位问题

The Issue of Misplacement of the Subject of Direct Democracy at the Lowest Civilian Level in Urban Areas

根据当今我国法律对居民委员会的定性,居民委员会是“自我管理、自我教育、自我服务的基层群众性自治组织”,它应当属于非政府组织的一种特殊形式。但实际社会生活中居民委员会又担当着政府的角色。我国在民主政治发展方面选择的是以基层群众自治为特征的直接民主形式。这种事实上的政权主体与法律规定的非政府地位之间不相符合。所以,文章认为我国城市直接民主的定位在政权主体上发生了严重错位。文章提出要正确对待这种错位的直接民主,应当把它看成是走向对位的直接民主的必要准备。为了将错位的直接民主推进到对位的直接民主,应当还居民委员会于公民社会,实行政社分开,将街道作为我国城市基层直接民主的政权主体。

According to the law in China,the Residents Committee (RC) is an autonomous mass organization at the grass-roots level with the characteristics of autonomous administration,self-discipline,and self-service,which can be called a special non-governmental organization.However,in the real social life,RC also plays such a role as the government does.Therefore, there is inconsistence between its actual role as a political power subject and its legal placement as a non-governmental organiza- tion.Based on such a situation,it is argued in this paper that there is a serious mistake in the placement of the political power subject in terms of only taking autonomy and direct election at the grass-roots level of RC as direct democracy in urban areas. Anyway,the practice of such mistaken direct democracy should be considered as a necessary preparation for real direct democra- cy.In order to politically upgrade such mistaken direct democracy to real direct democracy,it is quite necessary and imperative to bring about a return of RC to a civil society,a separation of political and social affaires from each other,and establishment of the Street-based Community Committee as the political power subject of real direct democracy in the grass-roots units.