国家赔偿制度的成长及其发展趋势

Development of the Model of State Compensation and Its Future Tendency

资本主义制度在西欧建立以后的一个相当长的历史时期没有形成国家赔偿理念。直到20世纪上半叶,国家赔偿理念才普遍得以确立。这与西方市场经济扩张、民主政治发展、人权保障意识兴起以及普遍福利国家政策的实施密切相关。随着国家赔偿理念的成长,国家赔偿责任开始宪法化和制度化,赔偿程序呈现出理性化的特点,赔偿范围也随着人权价值的普遍确立呈日益扩大化的趋势。我们应该理性认识国家赔偿理念和制度架构的共同规律以及各国有关具体规范设计与适用方面的不同点,完善我国的国家赔偿制度。

For a long time after the establishment of the capitalist system in west Europe, there was no concept of state compensation and it was not established and systematized until the early 20th century. This is related to the expansion of market economy, the development of democracy, the rising of human rights protection and the execution of the welfare state policy. As the development of the concept of state compensation, state compensation liability and other related systems are gradually established. This paper proposes that this concept should be understood properly in order to better our system.