铁路客车空调车厢内温度控制系统仿真

Simulation of Temperature Control System in Air-conditioned Compartment of Railway Passenger Car

以铁路空调客车为研究对象,采用PID控制和模糊控制两种方案对车厢内温度进行控制。利用SIMULINK工具箱建立控制系统的仿真模型,并从过渡特性、抗干扰性能等方面进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明,PID控制能消除稳态误差,但超调大,过渡时间长,在工况变化较小的情况下,能满足一定的控温要求;对于对象延迟、工况不稳定的场合,模糊控制综合控制效果比PID要好。此仿真方法克服了传统编程方法繁杂、难度高、周期长的缺点,使车厢内温度控制的动态仿真变得直观、迅捷。

Taking the air-conditioned passenger compartment as subject investigated, both PID and fuzzy control methods are used to control the temperature in the chamber. Focusing on how to design the simulation model with SIMULINK, anti-jamming and transition characteristic are concerned. The simulation results show that PID control can eliminate steady-state error, but prolong the transitional time, which can only suit for stable condition. If used in the unstable condition, fuzzy control can track the load changes and obtain a better synthetic control quality than PID control. The simulation method can overcome such disadvantages as properties of complexity, difficulty and lengthiness in the traditional method of using program language. By using the method, the dynamics simulation of temperature in railway carriage becomes visual and quick.