我国欠发达地区企业集群形成与演化过程初步研究——河南省农村地域企业集群的调查与思考

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FORMATION AND EVOLUTION PROCESS OF ENTERPRISE CLUSTERS IN UNDEVELOPED REGION IN CHINA ——SOME IDEA BASED ON THE INVESTIGATION OF ENTERP RISE CLUSTERS IN RURAL TERRITORY IN HENAN PROVINCE

河南省农村地域的企业集群在我国欠发达地区具有一定的代表性。在大量实地调查的基础上,从宏观、中观、微观三维度和系统分析的方法,对企业集群形成的初始因素、演化过程、驱动机制的进行了研究。结果表明:①任何因素所触发的区域经济增长点,只有与区域内部条件和外部因素发生耦合作用时,才能触发企业集群形成。②在集群演化的早期阶段,市场拉动、家族文化等外部宏观因素,以及企业进入外部市场的能力、企业家活动等微观因素起主要作用。而在集群这一中观层次上,规模经济、外部经济、网络效应等集聚经济因素导致的自增强机制只有在集群达到一定规模时才起作用。

For the undeveloped regions in China, enterprise clusters in rural territory in Henan province are representative. By the analysis of their original causation of formation, evolution process, this paper finds out the followings: ① any factors can't lead to the formation of clusters if the economic increasing points caused by these factors aren't consistent with conditions inside and outside the regions.② it is market opportunity, ability of access to market, activity of entrepreneur and particular family culture in China that contribute a lot to the formation of rural clusters in the early stage. However, the self-strength mechanism derived from scale economy and externality economy works until the scale of cluster is larger.