清末科举革废对书院改革的影响探析

Influences of Abolishment of Imperial Examination System on the Academy of Classic Learning in Late Qing Dynasty

随着中国近代化进程的开始,以培养科举人才为主要职能的书院已经不能满足当时社会的需要,于是仿照西方近代教育体制改革书院成为社会共识。然而,书院改革的进程及其实际效果都受制于科举制度的改革。1905年科举制度的废止,不但加快了书院改革的进程,而且推动了始于1901年的书院改革的最终完成,从而使作为制度层面存在的书院从中国历史上消失。

When China started the efforts to modernize herself, the academy of classical learning with cultivation of candidates for the imperial examinations as its major function could no longer meet the needs of the society then and it became the common understanding to reform the academy of classical learning in light of modern educational system in western countries. But the reform of the academy of classical learning, the process of system reform and the actual effect were restricted by the reform of the imperial examination system. In this sense, the abolishment of the imperial examination system in 1905 accelerated the process and promoted the fulfillment of the system reform of academy of classical learning which started from 1901, thus putting an end to the existence of the academy of classical learning in China.