北方通古斯语“柱”与汉语“家”的语言人类学比较研究

The Comparative study of Linguistic Anthropology about"uu"in north Tungusan and"jia"in Chinese

北方通古斯语单词“柱”有两个基本的含义:一为“房屋”;二为“家庭”。“柱”作为北方通古斯人最小的血缘组织———家庭,其功能主要是生育,而它的经济功能则主要是由比它大一级的组织———“乌力楞”来承担的。汉语“家”指家庭,除了生育,它还承担着经济等多项功能。在北方通古斯人的观念中,房屋和家庭是统一的,一个家庭必须住在同一个房屋里。而汉族的家则强调的是财产———经济的统一性,无论组成它的各核心家庭是否住在同一个房屋里。

'duu'has two basic meanings,one means'house',the other means'family'. When'duu'means family,its main duty is bearing children,while its economic duty is mainly assumed by'uriln'--a larger unit than'uu'.In Chinese,'jia'means bearing children,economy and other many duties. Its construction.In Tungus opinions,one family must live in one house. In other words,the house and the family mean the same thing. But the family in Chinese emphasizes wealth-- the union of economy,no matter whether the nuclear families live together or not.