资本主义的政治社会学——以意大利为例

Political Sociology of Capitalism——Taking Italy as an Example

意大利南北地区的经济成就、地方政府所执行的效率、市民生活的特点都有明显的差异。从北部地区的状况看,社会和政治效率发挥得非常好,市民之间的信任和参与网络也非常发达;而南部地区则不是这样。南部与北部之间如此明显的差距主要根源于中世纪以来传承下来的两种体制:北部具有共同体性格的共和国传统,而南部则具有君主制传统。正是这两种传统导致了市民参与和人际纽带方面的重大差异。如今,在经济上取得优异的成就而且保持良好的集体生活的地区都是那些在市民参与、合作团体、相互帮助等方面拥有优良传统的地区。这就意味着,社会资本是决定经济发展和政府能力的主要因素。

There exist remarkable differences in economic achievement, the efficiency of governmental execution, and the characteristics of civil life between the north and south. In the north, the social and political efficiency is high; citizens have confidence in each other and actively get involved in the Internet. In the south, however, things are different. This difference is the result of the two systems passed down from the Middle Ages: republic traditions with qualities of the common community in the north and monarchy traditions in the south. At present, those areas with economic prosperity and good collective traditions pay great attention to citizens involvement, cooperative groups, mutual help, etc, which means that social capital determines economic development and governmental capabilities.