基于土壤^(137)Cs监测的土壤侵蚀与有机质流失——以密云水库为例

SOIL EROSION AND ORGANIC MATTER LOSS BY USING FALLOUT ^(137)Cs AS TRACER IN MIYUN RESERVOIR VALLEY

本文运用137Cs核素示踪技术,研究北京重要的水源供应地密云水库周边地区及白河上游地区土壤侵蚀状况与有机质流失状况及其相互之间的量变关系。试验结果表明:0～20cm土层中山坡上137Cs含量低于坡中、坡下,但若山顶具有缓坡或山角下具有陡坡则137Cs含量变化规律相反。根据水利部标准与土壤137Cs监测结果,密云水库周边大部分地区基本属于轻度侵蚀和中度侵蚀,部分地区侵蚀情况严重,达到了剧烈侵蚀的程度。不同土地利用方式对土壤有机质分布有很大影响,有机质含量分布为灌丛>林地>果园>农田;上游地区有机质含量高于水库周边地区土壤,表明人为活动加剧了土壤侵蚀和有机质的流失。对于景观单一,地域较小的采样区进行三次曲线数学模拟,其相关系数高达0.9左右,表明在监测土壤137Cs、210Pb含量变化的同时,可以利用小区域数学模型直接预报预测土壤有机质含量的变化。

Miyun reservoir is one of the important water source for Beijing,the water quality of the reservoir is directly influenced by soil erosion. Based on measuring the ^(137)Cs concentrations, organic content in the soil of selected sampling sites, we investigated the relationship between the quantity of soil erosion and organic matters. According to classificatory standards of soil erosion, the intensity of erosion in Miyun reservoir valley is light and moderate, but in some parts erosion is serious. The land use model has dramatic influence on distribution of organic matters in the soil. Unreasonable human activities could cause serious increase of organic matter runoff and soil erosion intensity. Distributions of organic matters were increased in the following order: bush land > forestry > orchard > farmland. Organic matters in the upper course were higher than in the circumference of reservoir. The simulated model suggests that there is a cubic relation between the contents of organic matters and^(137)Cs concentrations (r^2=0.9). The math model in the single sights can forecast soil erosion and changes of concentrations of organic matters in the soils, so that the chemical analysis and measurements are simplified.