国外刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)研究

Review on Research of Black Locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) in Abroad

综合论述了国外在刺槐林混交林、对当地生态系统的影响、饲料的营养价值、饲料林的管理、木材材性、固氮功能和刺槐凝集素等相关领域的研究动态和进展。刺槐和火炬松(Pinustaeda)、黑松(Pinusnigra)混交林是较理想的混交模式,并具较好的土壤的改良性能;此外,刺槐也是较理想的矿区植被恢复树种。刺槐的发展对当地植被的演替具有负作用,并影响当地鸟类的越冬。刺槐的饲料价值低于紫穗槐(Amphorafruticosa)和紫花苜蓿(Medicagosativa),高于地中海地区其他木本植物;刺槐林从第4或5年开始收获,生物量和饲料比例均较大。2年生的刺槐幼树,固氮量可达25.8g/株,接种根瘤菌可提高土壤中根瘤含量和林木生长量。刺槐生长具有异速性,心、边材组成结构比例、密度、硬度的不同,形成了木材的机械性能的差异。刺槐树皮凝集素为29kDa大分子,将其cDNA编码倒入烟草植物,可得以表达。

Base on the abundant literature, research status and tendency of Black locust in abroad are reviewed. Black locust is a suitable species for establishing mixed-forests with Pinus taeda and P. nigra, has a good effect on soil improvement and can be used for vegetation reclamation in coal-mine spoil areas. It has a negative effect on succession of local vegetation, and affects local birds overwintering. As fodder, nutritional value of Black locust is poorer than Amphora (Amphora fruticosa) and Alfalfa (Medi cago sativa) , but better than other woody plant in Mediterranean region. It is more reasonable to harvest the leaves as forage after the forest established for 4 or 5 years. For 2 years sapling, it can fix N_2 25.8g/per stem, the rhizobial inoculation can increase the rhizobia density in soil and promote the growth. The property difference of between the sap- and heartwood leads to the variation of mechanical properties of wood. The lectin of Black locust has a molecular mass of 29 kDa, its cDAN can be expressed in transgenic tobacco plants.