氮、磷、钾对不同筋型小麦产量和品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium on Quality and Yield of Wheat of Different Gluten Types

在大田条件下研究了氮、磷、钾对小麦产量和品质的影响,结果表明:施磷肥增加了强筋小麦与弱筋小麦的穗数、千粒重和产量,施氮肥则降低了籽粒的硬度,提高了籽粒的面筋含量。施氮肥对两种筋型小麦的吸水率、形成时间和弱化度及拉伸面积和延展性呈正效应,施磷对粉质仪参数影响很小,施钾对弱筋小麦的粉质仪参数呈负效应,而对强筋小麦呈正效应。对于淀粉糊化特性,增施氮、磷、钾对弱筋小麦呈正效应,且施氮效应最大;增施氮、磷、钾增加了强筋小麦的稀懈值,而对其余淀粉糊化特性指标呈负效应,施氮影响最大。

In order to understand the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on quality and yield of wheat with different gluten type, two cultivars including strong and weak gluten wheat were cultivated in the field condition.The result indicated that phosphorus had increased the spike number, 1000 grain weight and yield of strong and weak gluten wheat. Nitrogen had decreased kernel hardness and increased wet gluten content of strong and weak gluten wheat. Nitrogen had positive influence on water absorption, development time, degree of softening, extensibility of strong and weak gluten wheat. As to the rheological parameters, potassium had negative influence on weak gluten wheat while it had positive influence on strong gluten wheat. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium had positive influence on weak gluten wheat on flour gelatinization characteristics, but they had negative influence on strong gluten wheat except breakdown value, and the effects of nitrogen were strongest.