语言学习中的心理结构分析

Analysis on Mental Structures in Language Learning

人们学习和使用语言的过程牵涉到使用者的心理机制,这一机制由一套信息处理系统组成,即感觉记忆、工作记忆(短时记忆)和长时记忆,这三个组成部分是以持续时间为基础的信息存储类型,他们在存储时间的持续、信息的容量以及编码和功能作用方面各不相同,因此,不同的学习者在学习语言时需要采取不同的学习策略,方可提高学习效率,收到令人满意的学习效果。

Nowadays more and more linguists start to carry out research on the psychological process of language acquisition and language learning. Language learning and language using is, in fact, the language information processing. And the acts of comprehending and producing language are performed within the constraints of our information processing system which consists of three structural components: sensory memory, working memory (short-term memory) and permanent memory (long-term memory). The three types of memory are the three mental structures which, along with a set of control processes, form the model of information processing. Since the three types of memory are different from one another in the duration of storage, the size of storage, the way of encoding, etc., language learners need to adopt different strategies in their study if they expect to learn effectively.