三峡水库区危岩防治技术

Research on control techniques to unstable dangerous rock mass in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

危岩是三峡水库区重要的地质灾害类型之一。基于多年来对三峡水库区危岩研究和防治实践,遵循坠落式危岩、滑塌式危岩和倾倒式危岩的危岩失稳分类方案,构建了危岩防治必须坚持防治工程的宏观综合性与危岩体的微观综合性相结合、具备支撑条件时优先采用支撑技术、谨慎使用清除技术、主动防治和被动防护相结合的防治理念。概化提出了支撑、锚固、封填、灌浆、排水和清除共6类主动防治技术,拦石墙、拦石栅栏和森林防护共3类被动防护技术以及锚固-拦挡、锚固-支撑共2类主动-被动联合防治技术。详细论述了每类防治技术的技术要点。该研究成果丰富了重庆市地方标准《地质灾害防治工程设计规范》的技术内涵,对于提高三峡水库区危岩灾害的防治水平有重要价值。

Unstable rock mass is one of the main geologic hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Based on the practice in researches and control of unstable rock mass in the Three Gorges Reservoir area for years, the authors put forward some arguments about the control of unstable rock mass under the guiding of unstable rock mass classification such as unstable slide rock, unstable fall rock and unstable topple rock in this paper. These arguments follow as that macro-comprehension to control project and micro-comprehension to unstable rock mass, adopt support in priority when support conditions are enough, adopt cut with caution, control with active and passive interaction. The authors classify control techniques into three parts, which are active control technique, passive control technique and control technique with active and passive interaction. Active control techniques include fill, anchorage, pour mortar, drainage and cutting. Passive control techniques include unstable rock mass screen wall, net and sheltered trees. Control techniques with active and passive interaction include anchorage-screen and anchorage-support. The essentials of each technique are discussed in this paper. All technique essentials in the paper are adopted by 'The Design Technique Standard of Landslide, Bank Collapse, Unstable Rock Mass in Chongqing City(the Three Gorges Reservoir)'. It is very important for the Three Gorges Reservoir to improve controlling levels for unstable rock mass disaster.