托忒学——清朝有关边疆民族的专门教育机构

Todo Study--A Special Education Institution About Borderland Peoples of Qing Dynasty

本文主要从两个方面对清朝理藩院(部)培养译才的咸安宫三学之一托忒学进行了研究,考察了“托忒学”产生的时代背景、设置经过及其建制。认为这一专门机构是在清朝军机处的呼吁下于乾隆四十六年设置的,这与卫拉特蒙古的强盛及托忒文在中亚诸民族中作为一种外交文字的使用有着密切关系。

Todo Study was one of three specialities in Xian'an Palace which trained interpreting talents in the Lifanyuan of Qing Dynasty. This paper discusses it from two aspects. It reviews the time background, setup course and its organizational systems. It thinks that this special institution, under the appeal of Lifanyuan, was established in the 46th year of Qianlong. The setup of Todo Study had a close connection with the mightiness of Oirat Mongol and the use of Todo-bichig as a diplomatic letter in central Asia.