沉积盆地热历史恢复方法及其在油气勘探中的应用

Methods of Thermal History Reconstruction of Sedimentary Basins and Their Application in Oil and Gas Exploration

沉积盆地热历史的研究在油气勘探和油气成藏研究中占有重要地位。恢复沉积盆地热历史的方法主要有古地温指标法和动力学模拟法两类。古地温指标法中最常用的为有机质成熟度和矿物裂变径迹,动力学模拟法中最常用的是盆地的拉张模型和挤压模型。恢复下古生界碳酸盐岩地区所经受的热历史还存在一系列问题,需探索新方法。介绍了盆地热历史恢复的思路和技术,并结合中国西部盆地的实例阐述了盆地热历史恢复在盆地动力学、烃源岩成烃演化和油气成藏期次研究中的应用。

The thermal history of sedimentary basins plays an important role on studies of petroleum exploration and hydrocarbon accumulation. The methods to reconstruct thermal history of basins are divided into two kinds, paleotemperature scales and thermal dynamics of basin. The most popular paleotemperature indices include maturity of organic matter and fission track of minerals. The thermal dynamics models of basins include lithosphere stretch model and compressional model. There are still some problems to be solved in the thermal history reconstruction, especially in the study of thermal history for the Lower Paleozoic carbonate succession. With mind and techniques to reconstruct thermal history of basins, the author introduces some application examples of thermal history study in thermal dynamics of basin, hydrocarbon generation history and hydrocarbon accumulation history in sedimentary basins in the western part of China.