黄河口水沙变异特征研究

Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Variations of the Yellow River Mouth

根据利津水文站的实测水沙资料,分析了1950年以来黄河口水沙的变化特征。结果表明,1986年以来进入河口的水沙量、水沙年内分配和年际变化、水沙搭配、洪水特性等均发生了特征性变异,即枯水枯沙年连续出现时间长,年际变幅减小;10月份水沙特征已接近非汛期,洪峰流量逐年减小;汛期约50%的时间、全年有72.8%的时间流量小于500m3/s;小流量级径流量和挟带泥沙量比例增大,大流量级径流量和挟带泥沙量比例减小;输水流量级已由2000m3/s以上降到了1000m3/s以下,3000m3/s以上流量级输沙比例减幅达43.35%。

According to the observed runoff and sediment data of Lijin Hydrometric Station, the paper analyzes the characteristics of runoff and sediment variations of the Yellow River mouth since 1950. The results show that the amount of runoff and sediment flow into the estuary, water and sediment distribution within a year, yearly variations, proportion and floodcharacteristics all have been changed since 1986, i.e. the continuous dry year with less sediment is getting longer andvariation scope between years smaller; runoff and sediment characteristics in October are close to that of in non -floodseason and peak discharge is getting smaller year by year; the discharge in about 50% time of flood season and 72.8%time of the year is less than 500 m^3/s ; the proportion of small discharge mixed with sediment is increased and the proportion of big discharge mixed with sediment decreased and; the discharge reduces from 2000 m^3/s to less than 1000m^3/s and the proportion of sediment delivery of 3000 m^3/s discharge is reduced by 43.35%