黄河源区水文水资源情势变化及其成因初析

Preliminary Analysis on Variations of Hydrologic and Water Resources Regime and Its Genesis of the Yellow River Source Region

目前,黄河源区水文水资源情势呈现降水总量变化不大、气温不断升高、实际来水不断减少的趋势,与之相关的水生态环境情势表现在土地荒漠化、湖泊和湿地萎缩、冰川消融、冻土层埋深加大、草场退化、鼠虫害肆虐、水土流失加剧、生物多样性和数量锐减等方面。在总结分析黄河源区近50年来水文水资源情势变化特点的基础上,从气候和生态环境变化等方面对该区的水文水资源情势变化成因进行了初步分析。研究结果表明:黄河源区水文水资源情势变化的主要原因是气候变化,如气候变暖、水面蒸发能力上升等,人类不合理干扰和生态环境恶化也起到了一定的作用。

At present, the regime of hydrology and water resources in the source region of the Yellow River is in trend of little variations in the total volume of precipitation, continuously increased temperature and continuously decreased coming water. The regime of water ecological environment related with the above is shown on the aspects of land desertification, withered lakes and wetlands, melted glaciers, deepened depth of frozen soil, deteriorated pastures, wreck havoc mice and insect pests, worsened soil and water loss and sharply reduced biological diversity. Based on the characteristics of the variation regime of hydrology and water resources in the source region of the Yellow River for the late 50 years, the paper conducts a preliminary analysis on the origin of the variation regime of hydrology and water resources of the region from the views of climate and ecological environment changes. The results shown that the main reason caused the variation regime of hydrology and water resources in the source region of the Yellow River is climate changes, such as the climate is getting warm, evaporation capability of water surface increases and irrational human disturbing and environment deterioration also has played a certain action.