水定价方法对农业用水效率及公平性的影响分析

Impacts of water pricing on efficiency and equity in agricultural uses

根据农业用水中不同的水价制定方法建立了水价与农业用水效率及公平性的数学关系模型,不同的定价方法对用水效率有不同的影响,容量定价及分级定价能够获得一阶最优效率,投入/产出定价法能够获得二阶最优效率,而按面积定价法是低效的;不同水价对公平性几乎没有影响,影响公平性的仅为土地面积。

According to the water pricing methodologies in agricultural uses, the mathematics models about relationship between water pricing and efficiency and equity have been established. All water pricing methods have different impacts on efficiency, where the volumetric pricing and tiered pricing can made first best efficiency, and input/output pricing can made second best efficiency while the unit per area pricing has a low efficiency. But all water pricing methods have few impacts on equity, only the area of farmers has distinguish impacts on equity.