用户水权交易与水资源配置

Water trade among water users and water resources allocation

随着国民经济的发展,环境污染加剧,人口不断增加,我国淡水资源的缺乏越来越严重。但是,在缺水的同时,水资源的价值却得不到充分体现,水资源无法得到有效利用。改善水资源配置,提高用水效率是缓解我国水资源短缺的客观要求。根据科斯定理,如果产权清晰,交易成本足够低,市场就可以实现资源的最有效配置。据此提出了用户水权交易,由于用户用水的边际收益是不等的,水资源的使用效益也不同,将水资源从低收益的用户向高收益用户转移,可以提高用水的效益。通过可交易的用水凭证,市场可将水资源分配到能够产生最大效益的用户,减少水资源浪费,优化水资源配置,促进水资源的合理利用。

There is a growing water resources shortage in China, while at the same time much of the precious water is wasted and abused. The phenomenon may be attributed to many reasons. The reason of unreasonable water allocation system is studied in this article. When water resources are undervalued, a rational user would increase his water consumption until its marginal return equals to its marginal cost. However, for lack of information, it is very difficult for the government to identify water resources price.To solve this dilemma, water trade among water users is recommended. The mechanism is built on a clear property rights basis, that is, water consumption permission is allotted to water users, the permission are tradable in the water market .If a user find the utility of an amount of water permission is less than its market price, he can sell it to the more efficient users. Thus, the water resources can be reasonably priced and efficiently used.