内蒙古河套灌区引用黄河水量分析

Study on the Volumes of Water Diverted from the Yellow River to the Irrigated Area in the Great Bend of the Yellow River

河套灌区水资源高效利用是灌区可持续发展和缓解黄河水资源供需矛盾的需要。应用河段差法、引排差法、最大蒸发量、作物总需水量方法计算河套灌区引用黄河水量,分别是49.3×108,49.2×108,54.4×108,49.7×108m3。方法相互佐证,引排差法计算结果,49.2×108m3是灌区实测引用黄河水量。引用黄河水量的分析为河套灌区节水改造、计划用水和节约用水管理以及黄河干流水资源分配提供依据。

The irrigated area in the Great Bend of the Yellow River is large, the annual volume of water diverted from the Yellow River to the irrigated area is 5.2×10 9 m 3, and a farmland area of 5.74×10 7 hm 2 is irrigated by diverted water. Effective utilization of water resources is not only the need of sustainable development of the irrigated area, but also a practical measure to cope with the shortage of water resources in the Yellow River watershed. This paper analyzes the volumes of water consumption and demand by using different methods, such as the discharge from the upper river section minus that of the lower river section, diversion water volume minus the drainage, maximum evaporation, and total demanded water volume of crops. By using these methods, the calculated annual volumes of water diverted from the Yellow River to the irrigated area are 4.93×10 9 m 3, 4.92×10 9 m 3, 5.44×10 9 m 3,4.97×10 9 m 3 respectively. The calculated results with the different methods are the evidences each other. By using the method of diversion water volume minus the drainage, the calculated annual volume of water diverted from the Yellow River to the irrigated area is close to the practical volume. The study results can provide the basic data for guiding the water-saving irrigation, planned water consumption, irrigation management in the irrigated area in the Great Bend of the Yellow River, and the redistribution of water resources in the Yellow River watershed.