中国水资源空间分布不均引发的供需矛盾分析

Analysis on the Contradiction between Supply and Demand of Water Resources in China Owing to Uneven Regional Distribution

中国水资源的总量为28124×108m3,居世界第6位。但人均占有量仅居世界第121位。水资源空间分布不均匀,水资源分布与人口、耕地、产业布局在地区上的组合不相匹配。我国北方地区人多、地多、国民经济相对发达而水资源短缺,南方大部分地区人多、地少、经济发达、水资源相对丰富的地区,这种组合格局使得水资源的供需矛盾十分突出。同时水环境又不断恶化,使得水资源问题日益成为我国社会经济发展的重要制约因素。在分析我国水资源分布与人口、耕地、GDP分布组合状况的基础上,提出我国水资源开发利用中存在的问题,并对解决我国水资源分布不均及水污染问题的途径和相应的措施进行探讨。

Per capita volume of available water resources in China, ranking 121st in the world, is very low although the total volume of water resources in China is as high as 2.812 4×10 12 m 3, ranking 6th in the world. Water resources in China are characterized by uneven regional and seasonal distribution. Regional distribution of water resources does not match that of cultivated land resources, population and GDP. There are more population, land resources and GDP but less water resources in north China. However, there are more population, water resources and GDP but less land resources in south China. The imbalance between water demand and supply has become more serious. Moreover, owing to continuous deterioration of aqueous environment, the problems of water resources have become more important and restrained the social and economic development in China. Based on the analysis of the ill-matched regional distribution of water and land resources, population and GDP, this paper discusses the uneven regional distribution of water resources in China, and some measures for sustainable utilization of water resources are put forward, they are to develop the water-saving social and economic systems based on the precedence of water-saving principle, implement the projects of multi-watershed water diversion so as to achieve the rational redistribution of water resources in China, enhance the unified planning and management of water resources, develop the circulated economy, implement the cleanly production, strengthen the conservation of water resources, etc.