华北平原耕作区鸟类群落结构与林业生态关系研究

Study on the Relationship between Bird Community Structure and Forest Ecology in the Cultivation Areas of North China Plain

以河北廊坊地区为例,按照林木类型、林龄、林地面积、农作物种类差异,选择17块不同生境类型的固定样地,采用固定宽度样带法,进行鸟类种群数量调查,并采用香农—维纳指数进行鸟类群落结构多样性测定,研究华北平原耕作区鸟类群落结构与林业生态的关系。结果表明:中、幼龄杨树林地中鸟类群落的ShannonWiener多样性指数、种间相遇机率、均匀度指数与小麦农田生态系统中一致,在17种生境中最低;而老树林地、混交林地(果园)的鸟种类数、种群数量、群落多样性指数较高,反映出植被空间异质性对鸟类群落结构具有显著影响。

In this paper, the relationship between the bird community structure and the forest ecology in Langfang region (38°8′～40°05′N, 116°07′～117°15′E) in the northern part of the North China Plain is researched. The total area of the region is 6 429 km 2, and the area of cultivatable farmlands is 3.7×10 5 hm 2. Based on the differences of species of woods, ages of forests, areas of woodlands and varieties of crops, seventeen plots of woodlands with the different habitats are selected, and the relationship between bird community structure and forest ecology in the cultivation areas of Langfang region in Hebei province is researched. By adopting the given woodland plot, the relative density, important value, distribution coefficient of each bird species are measured, and the bird community diversity is calculated. The results show that the Shannon-Wiener indices, encountering probabilities of the different bird species and evenness indices of bird communities in the young growths and the middle-aged woodlands of Populus sp. are the lowest as wheat fields in the seventeen different habitats. The bird species, population quantities and indices of diversity of bird communities in aged forests of Populus sp. and the mixed woodlands are higher than that in other habitats. These results reveal that the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation has a significant effect on bird community structure. It is considered that the plant diseases and insect pests in forests can be effectively prevented and controlled and the diversity of bird communities can be effectively increased by rationally distributing the wood species.