新疆赛里木湖准噶尔雅罗鱼生物学特征观测

Preliminary Study on the Biological Properties of Leuciscus merzbacheri Zugmayer in the Sayram Lake, Xinjiang

对生活于新疆赛里木湖的准噶尔雅罗鱼的年龄、生长、肥满度、食性和繁殖等生物学特性进行了观测研究。在赛里木湖,1+龄准噶尔雅罗鱼平均体长为8.6cm,2+龄为13.0cm,3+龄为16.7cm,4+龄为18.3cm。其体长与体重的相关关系为:W=0.008934L3.28640(r=0.995)。雌雄个体最小性成熟年龄均为2+龄,繁殖时间在8～9月,绝对怀卵量平均为19454粒/尾,卵粘性。该鱼为杂食性,在赛里木湖主要以钩虾为食。

In this paper, the biological properties of Leuciscus merzbacheri in the Sayram Lake in Xinjiang, such as the age, growth, grossness, feeding habits and reproduction, are observed and researched. Leuciscus merzbacheri is an endemic species in Xinjiang. According to the references, it is conjectured that Leuciscus merzbacheri inhabit originally in the stream systems of the Ebinur Lake and Manas Lake in the central area of the Junggar Basin as well as in Burqin, Changji and Urumqi regions. There were no any fishes in the Sayram Lake because of its high salt content (3 000 mg/L) and low water temperature (0 ℃～18 ℃). In order to develop the fishery of the Sayram Lake, some fish species, such as Gymmodiptychus dybowskii Kessler, Triplophysa (T.) strauchii Kessler, Triplophysa stoliczkae, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, Carassius auratus Linneus, Leuciscus baicalensis, Rutilus rutilus lacustris, Abramis brama orientalis Berg, Perca fluviatilis and Leuciscus merzbacheri are introduced into the Sayram Lake early or late, and the observation reveals that only Triplophysa (T.) strauchii Kessler, Leuciscus baicalensis and Leuciscus merzbacheri can adapt the aqueous environment of the Sayram Lake. The results show that Leuciscus merzbacheri is a species of omnivorous fish, the fish grow slowly, the average body lengths of 1-year-aged, 2-year-aged, 3-year-aged and 4-year-aged Leuciscus merzbacheri are 8.6 cm, 13.0 cm, 16.7 cm and 18.3 cm, and their average weights are 9 g, 43 g, 90 g and 131 g respectively. The correlation between the body length and weight of Leuciscus merzbacheri is as: W=0.008 934L 3.286 40(r=0.995). The average Fulton's grossness and Clark's grossness are 1.76±0.32 and 1.40±0.23 respectively. The minimum sexual maturation age of female fish is 2 years old, and the sexual maturation age of most of the female fish is 3 years old; the reproducing duration of the fish is in a period from August to September, the absolute and relative spawning numbers of female fish is 19 454 and 260 spawns respectively, the average diameter of spawns is 0.9 mm, and the spawns are glutinous. Leuciscus merzbacheri is an endemic species in Xinjiang, inhabits in the ponds and river channels in the Ebinur Lake and Manas Lake basins, and is currently cultured in the Sayram Lake and other waters.