欧洲荚蒾观赏性评价及其生理生态学指标的分析

Study on the Ornamental Characters of Viburnum opulus L. and Its Physiological and Ecological Indexes

对新疆野生植物欧洲荚迷艹引种后的观赏价值进行了定性评价,其综合观赏价值较高:花期较长、花色淡雅、花序大、整体形状有特点、果似樱桃、叶浓密可变色、树冠自然成形。使用Li-6200光合仪对其生理生态指标进行测定,并与新疆城市绿地常用的6种花灌木进行比较。结果表明:欧洲荚迷艹综合观赏价值高,具有较强耐荫性和较高的园林生态服务功能,在干旱区城市绿地系统中作为耐荫灌木层具有广泛的应用价值。

In this paper, the ornamental value of wild Viburnum opulus L after cultivating in Xinjiang is quantitatively evaluated. The study plots are located in Urumqi Botanical Garden (43°53′N, 87°32′E, 715～721 m a.s.l.), where the environment is stable, the management is fine, the annual air temperature is 7.3 ℃, the extremely maximum and minimum temperatures are 40.6 ℃ and 41.5 ℃ respectively, the annual precipitation and evaporation are 245 mm and 2 570 mm respectively, the maximum depth of frozen soil is 1.62 m, the maximum snowcover depth is 35.7 cm, and the maximum wind speed is 25 m/s. The general ornamental value of Viburnum opulus L is high, and it is characterized by its long florescence, quietly elegant posy, big inflorescence, especial the integrant figure, its fruits like cherries, its leaves are dense and can change their color, and its crowns shape naturally. In the study area, it is hot in summer but cold in winter, and it belongs to the typical arid continental climate. The soil is gray-brown desert soil, pH value of soil varies in a range of 8～9, the soil layer becomes thicker from west to east and varies in a range of 40～100 cm, and the cultivated Viburnum opulus L. is irrigated using flood irrigation way. Viburnum opulus L. grows mainly in Central Asia and Siberia, in Xinjiang it grows mainly under the forests of Betula sp. in valleys and on mountain slopes in the lower reaches of the Habahe River, Altay Prefecture. Viburnum opulus L. was introduced from Burqin County and Gongliu County to cultivated in Urumqi Botanical Garden in 1992 and 1993. In this paper, the physiological ecology indexes of Viburnum opulus L are measured with LI-6200 photometer, which are compared with that of six other species of shrubs in cities in Xinjiang. The results show that Viburnum opulus L. has high ornamental value with its beauty, strong shade-tolerance, and more ecological service functions. It can be extensively planted in urban afforestation in arid areas.