小麦远缘杂交胚拯救技术

Embryo Rescue Technology of Distant Hybrids in Wheat

小麦是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,通过与其他物种的远缘杂交来改良小麦农艺性状的工作已经开展了多年。小麦远缘杂交通常不能得到可育的杂种植株,且普遍存在杂种胚在发育过程中败育的现象。能否从培养的杂种胚中成功得到植株主要依赖于胚的成熟程度和培养基的组成等条件。通过体外培养的方式,幼胚拯救技术已得到成功的应用,产生了多种多样的杂种后代。本文综述了幼胚的生理特征、体外发育特征及胚培养的影响因子,总结了幼胚拯救的一般方法以及在小麦远缘杂交中的应用,并指出了该技术应用的一些限制因素。

Wheat is one of the most important crop in the world. Research on wheat improvement through sexual (hybridization) between wheat and other species has experienced for many years. In wild cross, the embryos usually fail to produce fertile plants due to embryo abortion and/or endosperm degeneration, but they can, in most cases, be rescued following an in vitro procedure. The successful production of plants from the cultured embryos largely depends upon the maturation stage and the composition of the medium etc. Abortion of embryos at one or other stage of development is a characteristic of distant (hybridization) of wheat. This article briefly reviewed the main contents of (physiology) of embryo, feature of development of embryo in vitro, general method of embryo rescue, influencing factors of embryo culture and the (applications) of embryo rescue in the distant (hybridization) of wheat. Some factors that limit the (application) of this technology were also mentioned.