论北宋后期辞赋与文人的文化生活

On Fu & the Cultural Life of the Scholars in North Song Dynasty

北宋后期,辞赋在点缀文人生活方面扮演了相当重要的角色,辞赋与文人生活的密切结合也促进了辞赋的发展。在当时,文人雅事常有辞赋等来助兴。赠答、赠别、吊死问生的赋在当时颇为流行。在表现燕居生活的艺术性方面,辞赋也扮演着重要角色。文人们还喜欢用辞赋来表现对书画的看法,他们优游的园中小亭、草堂台榭,点缀雅趣的砚、茶、酒、药,也是辞赋表现的重要题材。文人们也喜欢品评前代和当代的辞赋作品,以显示才学,展示胸襟识力。辞赋创作与文人文化生活的密切结合,开拓了辞赋的表现范围,深化了辞赋的内容,在一定程度上削弱了辞赋议论化倾向和科举改制造成的负面影响,促进了辞赋内容与风格的同一性。

In North Song Dynasty, Fu played an important role in the lives of the scholars. The close association of Fu and the lives of scholars promoted the development of Fu. At that time, scholars used to compose Fu on certain people or things in order to amuse themselves. Fu also played an important part in describing the artistic feature of their happy lives. Scholars at that time used to compose Fu to express their views on calligraphies, and they described the pavilions, halls, tea and hard drinks as well. They also liked remarking the Fu written by others in order to show that they were knowledgeable. Such phenomenon not only widened the range of Fu, but also deepened the content of Fu, and it weakened the bad influence brought by the commenting trend of Fu and imperial examination innovation, which promoted the identity of the content with style of Fu.