摘要
“清末新政”因未考虑到民众的心理承受力和实际利益从而引发了各类民变。因税种增多,乱增税率而引发了抗捐税斗争;为建学堂而废除庙宇、将公田充作经费既冲撞了民间传统信仰,又触动了民众利益,民众听信谣传而引发了毁学风潮;清廷在全国实行户口调查以为立宪之基础,然民间传说此举是为抽取丁税之预备故而引发了反户口调查风潮;清廷颁布利国利民的《禁烟章程十条》,此举却引发了反禁烟斗争。这些都是民众求生本能与生存危机矛盾引起的恐惧心理及紧张不安氛围中从众心理的反映。这些民变既有反抗压迫的合理性,同时也反映了革新与守旧的矛盾,体现了民众利益与国家利益之间的对立。因此,为使变革顺利进行,必须注重考虑民众的心理承受力和实际利益,同时要做好宣讲和化解工作,把社会冲突减小到最低限度。
In the late Qing Dynasty various sorts of revolts arose, which reflected the masses' dreadful and comforming state of mind. The revolts not only exhibited their rationality of resisting oppression, but also reflected the contradiction between reform and conservativeness and embodied the conflicts between the mass interest and that of state.
出处
《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2005年第3期107-111,共5页
Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)
关键词
清末新政
民变
生存危机
社会冲突
从众心理
reform in late Qing dynasty
mass revolt
survival crisis
social conflict
comforming state of mind
