中东伊斯兰城市起源初探

Probe into the Origin of Islamic Cities in the Middle East

随着阿拉伯帝国的建立,中东地区出现了新的文明———伊斯兰文明。在该文明中,伊斯兰城市文明扮演着无可替代的角色。伊斯兰城市文明的诞生是伊斯兰教的基本需要。军事要塞、已存城市的伊斯兰化、哈里发及随后统治者建立首都与行政中心是中东伊斯兰城市的三个重要来源。其中军事要塞不仅是阿拉伯人征服的产物和进一步扩张的跳板,而且其城市布局为后世的伊斯兰城市奠定了基础。伊斯兰城市文明的创设为阿拉伯人提供了一种新的生活模式,为促进各民族交往、各种文明融合、阿拉伯———伊斯兰文化的兴起奠定了基础,曾一度执世界城市文明之牛耳,是世界城市文明史中的一枝奇葩。

The emergence of Islamic cities was the fundamental need of Islam. Military fortresses, Islamization of existing cities, and the capital or the administration centers built by Caliph are the three important sources of Islamic cities in the Middle East . On the one hand, the military fortresses were not only the product of Arabian conquest and the diving board of further expansion; on the other hand, their layout would also become the bases of future Islamic cities.