行政法解释的主体制度初探

ON THE MAIN-BODY SYSTEM AS INTERPRETED UNDER THE ADMINISTRATAIVE LAW

在中国现行的有效的法律解释体制中,国务院以及政府主管部门作为享有行政解释权的主体行使着对行政法规和行政规章的解释权。这一体制不仅排除了具体的适用机关和行政官对行政法的解释权,而且排除了司法机关在行政执法领域中对行政法规、行政规章和行政性法律的解释权。这种制度安排并不契合行政法适用的原理,也有悖于行政法治原则。其客观后果会助长行政权力的滥用,弱化法律对行政的控制,消解了司法的最终效力性。因此,尽快建立对行政法规、行政规章的司法审查制度和优化行政法解释体制乃是必然的选择。

Under the legal interpretation system currently valid in China, the State Council and the authorities concerned serve as the main bodies to exercise the power of interpretation on administrative laws, rules and regulations. This system not only rules out the right of interpretation on the administrative law by certain specific institutions and administrators, but also exclude the right of interpretation on rules and regulations under the administrative law by the judicial organs. The system does not go in accord with either the principle for the application administrative law, or the principle of government by law, resulting objectively in administrative autocracy, misuse of power, decrease of control over administration by the law, and dispel of the effectiveness of justice. Therefore, it is quite necessary to set up the judicial system for examining administrative rules and regulations, and to optimize the system of interpretation of administrative law.