地下水浅埋条件下包气带水和溶质运移数值模拟研究述评

Review of numerical simulation of soil water flow and solute transport in the presence of a water table

地下水浅埋条件下包气带水和溶质运移规律是解决土壤盐渍化、地下水污染等环境与生态问题的基本理论基础,基于多孔介质水和溶质运移基本方程的数值模型是研究包气带物质运移的重要手段。通过深入分析土壤水和地下水之间的相互关系,强调在地下水埋深小于其极限埋深的情况下应把地下水作用耦合到包气带水和溶质运移模型中。该文概括总结了现有研究把地下水作用与土壤水模型相耦合的方法,并分析了各种方法的优缺点。在回顾现有土壤水分运动参数和溶质运移参数确定方法的基础上,归纳了包气带水和溶质运移模型从"点"尺度向"田块"尺度扩展的途径,随机方法仍将是今后的研究热点,并有望应用于实践。

Improved understanding of soil water flow and solute transport in the presence of water table lays a solid foundation for solving environmental and ecological problems such as soil salinization and groundwater contamination. Numerical models based on the governing equations of soil water flow and solute transport were important tools to study soil water flow and solute transport. On the basis of analysis of relationship between soil water and groundwater, the paper emphasized that the function of groundwater should be coupled into models of soil water flow and solute transport when the depth of groundwater is less than the threshold of water table depth. The paper reviewed the methods of integration, and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages. The paper also dealt with the determination of soil hydrologic properties and possible upscale approaches from local scale to field scales for the models of soil water flow and solute transport.