编队飞行卫星群相对轨道测量研究

Study on measurement of relative motion of satellite formation flight

编队飞行卫星群自主式相对轨道测量和确定是绕飞轨道的关键技术之一,考虑了利用星敏感器和雷达以及利用GPS(GlobalPositioningSystem)信号来进行相对定轨的传统方式,提出了基于伪卫星技术的定轨方案.伪卫星技术指在卫星上安装载波发生器和接收器,利用这些装置来进行卫星间的距离测量.在这些方案中,应用了差分GPS技术,采用优化方法求解多元非线性方程.这些测量方法分别适应于不同的情况.利用相对轨道要素的概念,在前面测量结果的基础上,通过卡尔曼滤波进一步提高了定轨精度.仿真计算表明这些方案可以满足不同尺度编队构型保持要求,并给出了部分结果.

In satellite formation flight, the measurement and determination of independent relative orbit is one of the most important techniques of formation flight. The traditional techniques of using star sensor, radar and GPS (global positioning system) signal to determine relative orbit are considered. Relative orbit determination which is based on pseudo satellite technique is considered. Pseudo satellite technique means that carrier generators and receivers are assembled onboard, and are used to measure the distance between satellites. In these projects, differential carrier-phase GPS sensors are used, and nonlinear equations are solved by optimization methods. These methods of measurement adapt different situation. On the base of measurement results from previous three projects, using the concept of relative orbit elements, precision of orbit determination is improved by Kalman filter. Emulation calculations indicate that the request of keeping formation can be satisfied, and a part of results is presented.