四因融一的诗学品质和两因兼备的创作方法——论易卜生的戏剧诗学特质及其渊源

Ibsen’s Dramatic Aesthetics:Features and Origins

易卜生戏剧的独特品质与魅力是由“现实精神、哲学睿智、宗教尺度、诗想神思”四因融一的诗学品质和“再现\表现”两因兼备的创作方法所达成,这使其创作具有了超越狭隘流派之上的万脉归一、众美兼备、高标孤峙的大师品质与现代品质。其形成则根源于个人经历、民族历史、地域环境和文化渊源及戏剧诗学传统的影响,在欧洲戏剧诗学理念的嬗变中,完成了由古希腊的人神(自然)对峙的大宇宙悲剧观(宇宙——自由)、莎士比亚代表的近代的人我互争的小宇宙悲剧观(社会——欲望)向现代的人性分裂的人类学悲剧观(人——本质)的嬗变,这既是一次综合,又是一次飞跃。因而具有极其重大的美学意义。

Realism,philosophical depth,religious influence and imagination of a poet consist of the essence of Ibsen’s dramatic aesthetics,which enabled him to create masterpieces of modernism. The origins of these characteristics are found in Iben’s personal experiences,national history as well as local environment and culture. Ibsen’s aesthetics signifies the transformation from human conflict to the split of modern humanity, which is of vital importance in historical development of aesthetics.