丝蛋白在生物医学领域中应用的研究进展

Progress of Study on Application of Silk Protein in Biomedicine Field

从基础科学的角度讲,近来生物大分子是高分子领域中很活跃而且富有挑战性的一个研究领域,蛋白质是一类重要的生物大分子。蚕丝由于具有易加工、易着色、有光泽及舒适等优点,早期主要应用于纺织品中;作为非纺织领域的应用,除已用于外科手术缝线、食品添加剂和化妆品外,由于它独特的机械性能使得蚕丝在临床上有着广泛的应用,近年国内外将再生丝素用于人造皮肤、酶固定化电极、药物缓释载体、隐形眼镜等生物医学领域的研究非常活跃。蜘蛛丝也是天然蛋白质之一,由于蛛丝具有强度高、韧性大的优点,在生物医学领域中可用它来替代缺损的韧带、肌腱等软组织。

From the angle of basic science, bio-macromolecule has lately emerged as an active andchallenging task in the field of macromolecule.Silkworm silk is mainly used in textile production forits outstanding properties (handle,luster,dyeability, comfort) in the early time;In addition,silkworm silk has been recently investigated as a starting material for non-textile applications,i.e.for biomedical suture material for centuries, food additive and cosmetic. The unique mechanicalproperties of silkworm silk provide important clinical repair options for many applications. Recentlythe research on the applications of artificial skin, enzyme immobilizing electrode, medicine releasingcarrier and contact lens is very active. Spider silk is one of the crude proteins and it can besubstituted for the lack ligament and artificial tendon for its high modulus and tenacity.