旅游研究定性方法的初步分析

Qualitative Methods in Tourism Researsh

旅游学科作为一门相对独立的综合性的边缘学科,吸取了许多相关学科的研究方法,充实了自己的方法论体系.这些研究方法可分为定性方法和定量方法.定性方法具体包括:观察法、访谈法、案例研究、内容分析法、Q分类法、开放式问卷和投射技术等.定性研究方法的发展可划分为五个时期:传统时期、现代主义时期、模糊时期、陈述的转折时期及第五时期.总体上国外旅游定性研究处于第一、二时期,通过对国内旅游期刊研究方法的分析发现,国内旅游研究定性方法尚处于第一时期,中国的旅游定性研究者应不断革新定性研究方法.另外,三角互证法被认为是提高定性研究信度和效度的有效方法.

<Abstrcat> Being a relatively independent synthetic discipline, tourism has been absorbing many research methods from relational disciplines, enriching it's methodological system. In general, these research methods can be classified into qualitative methods and quantitative methods. The former include observation; interview; case research; content analysis; Q-sort; open-ended; project techniques and so on. The development of qualitative research includes 'five mements': traditional periods; the modernistic phase; blurred genres; crisis of representation;and the fifth moment. The majority of foreign tourism research is firmly entrenched in the first and seconded moments. By analyzing native tourism research methods in tourism journals, we find tourism qualitative research is still in the first period in China. Chinese researchers should innovate qualitative methods. In addition, triangulation is considered as a valid method to increase reliability and validity of qualitative research.