汉代伦理复兴和政治转型的思想先驱——贾谊伦理政治观新评识

The Ideological Pioneer of the Ethical Rejuvenation and Political Transform in the Han Dynasty

在汉初政治转型进程中,贾谊对秦代和汉初道德危机进行了深刻批判。他倡导礼治建设,呼吁严明朝藩秩序和强化社会伦理控制。为了实现对君权的规范制衡,他提出学礼、习经并重的君储教育制度,发展先秦儒家的师友君臣论,强调了天谴和民本观念对君权的约束。针对黄老无为治道的积弊,贾谊推崇进取有为的政道原则,化解伦理与事功之间的矛盾,为朝廷制藩削藩寻找伦理合法性。贾谊是汉代反思秦政最有力度的批判家、倡导伦理复兴的儒家功臣和促成向伦理政治转型的思想先驱。

In the early Han's political transform, Jia Yi deeply criticizes the moral crisis in the Qin and early Han. He initiates the ritual construction and appeals for being strict and impartial in the courtier's order and strengthening the social ethical control. For realizing the norm restrictions of the monarchic power, he puts forward the education system of laying equal stress on learning the Rite and Sinology. He has developed the theory of the Confucians in the pre-Qin days that the relationship between the emperor and his ministers is like the relationship between a teacher and his students. Jia yi worships the political principles of the enterprise to dissolve the conflict between 'ethics' and 'feat' and looks for the ethical legitimacy of controlling and weakening the kingdoms. Jia Yi is a profound critic of thinking Qin's politics, a meritorious minister initiating the ethical rejuvenation and an ideological pioneer promoting the political transformation in the Han Dynasty.