试论中国古代官府的科技行为

On Chinese Ancient Authorities' Behavior in Science and Technology

中国古代官府的科技行为,可分为五个时期:先秦时期是科技发展的萌芽期,这一时期的官府科技行为已初见端倪;秦汉三国时期实现了历史上第一次大一统,稳定的政局为官府科技行为提供了良好的实施条件;魏晋南北朝虽然是古代科技体系趋于完善的时期,但由于政权频繁更替,社会动荡,因而官府科技行为较少;隋唐宋元时期社会稳定,经济发展,重视科技,官府的科技行为大大地促进了科技的蓬勃发展;明清时期是封建主义政治体系逐步崩溃期,官府不重视科技的发展,其科技行为甚至在一定程度上阻碍了科技的发展。从官府科技行为的发展可以看出,政通人和,是经济发展、科技兴旺的必要前提。

The Chinese ancient authorities' technique behaviors can be divided into five periods. The time before Qin is the sprouting period for the development of technology. The time of Qin ,Han and Three Kingdoms realizes the great unity in Chinese history, which offers better conditions for authorities' behaviors in technology. In the Wei-Jin and South-North Dynasties, the technology system is tending to be perfect, but the political regimes change frequently and the society is in an unstable condition, the authorities have less behaviors in technology. In the periods of Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan, the society is stable and prosperous, so the authorities pay more attention to the development of technology. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the feudal system begins to decline and the authorities pay little attention to technological development, which prevents the development of technology more or less. From the trace of development of authorities' technological behaviors, the good authorities and harmonious people are the essential prerequisite of economical and technological development.