国防采购中R&D成本补偿模型的效率分析

An analysis of efficiency of R&D modelbased on cost-reimbursement in defense procurement

对国防采购中厂商的R&D成本补偿问题进行了研究,分析了不同成本补偿模型的效率,所得结论表明:为了激励厂商创新,军方需向厂商的研究与发展提供补偿;军方补偿方式的效率与从事国防项目研究与发展的厂商的风险态度有关.对于追求风险的厂商,军方在生产阶段的一次性集中补偿更为有效;而对于厌恶风险的厂商,在厂商从事项目的研究与发展阶段对厂商进行部分补偿,则可提高补偿的效率;一般情况下军方在厂商从事项目的研究与发展阶段对厂商进行部分补偿,可以分摊厂商的风险,增加厂商的效用,提高补偿的效率.

<Abstrcat> The present paper sets out to study the cost-reimbursement of manufactures' research and development in defense procurement and analyzes the efficiencies of different models based on cost-reimbursement. It comes to the conclusion that the military is supposed to offer subsidy for the manufacturer's R&D so as to inspire the manufacturer's innovation. And the efficiency of the military's cost-reimbursement is related to the manufactures' risk attitude to R&D. It is more efficient for the risk-prone manufactures to offer subsidy in the production phase, whereas it is more efficient for the risk-aversion manufactures to offer subsidy based on certain rate in R&D phase. Generally, to offer subsidy based on certain rate can reduce the R&D risk of the manufacturer and enhance the manufactures' utilities.