关于墓葬壁画起源问题的思考——以河南永城柿园汉墓为中心

Refections on the Question of the Origins of Tomb Wall Paintings: Focus on the Han Dynasty tombs in Shiyuan,Yongcheng, Henan

本文以迄今所知年代最早的壁画墓河南永城柿园西汉梁王墓为中心,着眼于丧葬习俗本身的连续性,分析该墓壁画与早期葬具装饰的传承关系。进而从题材、观者等角度入手,讨论墓葬壁画出现的动因及其功能。认为壁画与墓葬建筑、随葬品等都是丧葬观念的体现,丧葬观念中难以用其他形式来体现的升仙等内容,最适宜以绘画的形式展现出来。文章还认为柿园梁王墓中出现壁画是一个特例,与诸侯王丧葬制度之间没有必然联系。

Focusing on the oldest Chinese tomb with wall paintings known to date – the tomb of the Prince of Liang of the Western Han Dynasty in Shiyuan, Yongcheng, Henan province, the author looks at the sequence of customs associated with this burial and analyses the hereditary relationship between the murals in this tomb and the earlier decoration on funerary furniture. From the perspectives of the themes and the observers, he discusses the motivation behind the emergence of wall paintings and the function they ful?lled, recognising that the murals, as well as the tomb architecture and the burial goods, are all the manifestation of concepts of burial and that at this time it was dif?cult to use means other than the ideal medium of paintings to express the idea of the time that death entailed the ascent to the realm of immortals. The author also argues that the appearance of the murals in the tomb of the Prince of Liang was a special case and that there was no inevitable link between this and the ritual accompanying the burial of the nobility.