新生儿复杂先天性心脏病的外科治疗

Surgical Treatment for Complex Congenital Heart Disease of Newborn Babies

目的总结29例新生儿复杂先天性心脏病的外科治疗经验。方法29例患先天性心脏病的新生儿,年龄3～28d,其中室间隔缺损3例,完全性大动脉错位10例,肺动脉闭锁1例,三尖瓣闭锁3例,单心室1例,法洛四联症6例,完全性房室管畸形4例,永存动脉干1例,所有患者合并房间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭。29例患者均在深低温低流量体外循环下行一期矫治术。结果术后死亡4例(13.8%),其中1例完全性大动脉错位和1例肺动脉闭锁患者死于低心排血量综合征,2例死于灌注肺、低氧血症,其余25例患者均治愈出院。随访19例,随访时间1～31个月,体重及各项发育指标与正常同龄儿基本相同。结论新生儿心脏手术麻醉、体外循环应平稳,手术操作要精细,手术成功的关键是畸形矫正满意及良好的心肌保护和肺保护。

Objective To summarize the experience of the surgical treatment of complex congenital heart diseases in 29 newborns. Methods Twenty-nine newborns were operated on for various congenital heart diseases, ages were from 3 to 28 d. There were ventricular septal defect 3 cases, D-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) 10 cases, pulmonary atresia (PA) 1 case,tricuspid atresia 3 cases, single ventricle 1 case, tetralogy of Fallot 6 cases, endocardial cushion defect 4 cases and truncus arteriosus 1 case. All patients were combined with atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. All operations were performed under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Results The operative mortality was 13.8%(4/29). One case with D-TGA and 1 case with PA succumbed due to low cardiac output syndrome, and 2 cases due to acute respiratory distress syndrome and low blood oxygen saturation. Twenty-five cases were discharged. Follow-up was completed in 19 patients,with a duration of 1-31 months, all patients have been normal. Conclusion Anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass should be performed smoothly and satisfactorily in newborn babies for cardiac surgery. Surgical manipulation should be accurate with less trauma and well protection of myocardium and lung is important.