船员职业能力倾向测验的初步编制

The construction of the seamen's vocational aptitude test and its reliability and validity

目的为选拔安置船员编制“船员职业能力倾向测验”(简称SVAT)。方法依据相应的理论、借鉴相关的文献、工作分析等方法确定SVAT的结构及内容;经实测后,进行结构及内容优化,并做信度和效度检验。结果测验总体难度为0.603,试题的总区分度为0.441;各分量表间存在中度、低度相关(r=0.2110～0.431),各量表与总分的相关较高(r=0.803～0.927);按13个特质进行因素分析得5个特征值>1的因素为适应、承受、化解、支持、技能5因素。SVAT的α系数为0.889,分量表为0.806～0.863,间隔1个月SVAT的重测相关度r=0.864,各分量表r=0.801～0.830。被试的SVAT总分和所有分量表得分在高综合素质与低综合素质年青船员之间差异存在显著性,被试的SVAT总分及一些分量表得分在年青船员与专业船员之间差异也存在显著性,SVAT总分高的年青船员的工作业绩及实际能力优于SVAT总分低的年青船员。结论SVAT包含了船员基本职业能力倾向的测量内容,量表的结构合理,内部一致性及稳定性较好,达到了心理测量学的基本要求。

Objective To construct the seamen's vocational aptitude test (SVAT) for selection and placement of the seamen.Methods Basing on the responded theory,the content and structure of SVAT were established by the method of work anlysis,using the related documents for reference and the test of the SVAT. Reliability and validity of the SVAT were examined by test , retest , group comparison , correlation and factor analyses.Results The overall difficulty of the test was 0.603 , the total discrimination of all items were ~0.441. There were middle or lower coefficients of correlation between the subsales (0.211～0.431), but the coefficients of correlation between the subscales and the overall scores were higher (0.803～0.927).There were five main factors revealed by factors analysis of the 13 traits , they are named adaptation,endurance,coping,support,talent. The homogenity reliabity of was 0.889,subscales were 0.806～0.863 ; SVAT's correlation of retesting after one month was 0.864,subscales were 0.801～0.830 . There were some obvious discrepancies on the overall scores and the scores of all subscales between the good and bad seamen, there were some obvious discrepances on the overall scores and the scores of the three subscales between the young seamen and the petty professional seamen too. Comparison of the two young seamen groups on their mainfest work and actual abilities showed that the first group that had upper SVAT scores had higher working quatity and quality than the second group that had lower SVAT scores.Conclusions Not only the structure of the SVAT is resonable , but also its reliability and validity meet the need of psychometrics.