摘要
太阳黑子是太阳活动最明显的标志之一,近一个世纪来对太阳黑子的观测,积累了大量的黑子磁场和热力学量的资料,提出了许多黑子的模型。本文介绍了黑子的观测经验模型以及三种有用的磁流体静力学理论模型,即无力场模型、ST模型和RF模型,用静力学理论去解释黑子的一些现象,如黑子本影和半影界面及半景和光球分界面,而不讨论它的动力学模型,着重探讨了这些模型的定量性质,总结了它们的发展历史和研究进展。最后简要地指出了今后的一些研究设想。
Sunspots is one of the most conspicuous phenomena in the solar surface. A lot of models of sunspots have been put forward based on the great amount of observational data (especially of magnetic field and of distribution of pressure and temperature) accumulated for about one hundred years. This review attempts to understand and explain the observed static phenomena in sunspots such as the boundaries between umbra and penumbra or between penumbra and its outer surroundings and so on. within the framework of magnetohydrostatic theory. Recent works are emphasized on selected topics and the quantitative aspects of the theory. Finally, some of research ideas for future are briefly discussed.
