2002~2004年广西重大传染病疫情流行病学特点分析

Analysis on epidemiology of lmportant notified infectious diseases in Guangxi from the year of 2002 to 2004

目的应用流行病学的方法比较和分析2002～2004年广西重大传染病疫情的现状,探讨新的管理模式对重大传染病疫情发生频率和强度的影响.方法根据<中华人民共和国传染病法>的规定发现传染病疫情时按照国家规定的内容、程序、方式和时限,由法定报告单位报告2002～2004年广西传染病疫情资料363起.按法定传染病的不同病种,不同发生强度将突发传染病疫情分为一般、较大、重大和特大4个等级,统计比较不同时间、不同地区、不同人群中广西突发重大传染病疫情发生的频率和强度.结果3年来共报告重大突发性传染病疫情147起,发病19834例,死亡61例,病死率3.08‰.从城乡分布来看,无论是起数还是死亡人数,比例从高到低依次为村屯、乡村、县城、城市,病死率农村为3.82‰明显高于城市的0.81‰(x2=10.93,P＜0.01).发生在学校的传染病疫情起数(82起)和发病人数(14674例)多于社会人群(65起,5160例),但病死率低于社会人群(x2=137.59,P＜0.01).本资料与历年资料比较,3年的疫情发生频率和发病人数分别高于1998～2001年(31起,2537例),但病死率明显低于以往报告(43.75‰)(x2=487.81,P＜0.01).结论2002～2004年广西重大传染病疫情'三间'分布基本符合本地规律,比较系统地建立突发公共卫生事件应急体系和强化'三网'建设后,提高了广西突发传染病疫情应急处理能力,对领导的责任心、报告的敏感性和救助的有效性起到了积极有效的作用.

Objective To study the affect of new management model on the frequency of notifiable communicable diseases.Methods According to the regulations of the law of infectious disease prevention and treatment of China,the notifiable organizations notified363information about the notifiable communicable diseases from 2002 to 2004.By means of the different kinds and frequency of diseases,the outbreaks were divided into four scales:general,moderate,serious and special serious epidemic situation.The frequencies of diseases in different time,places and people were compared and analyzed.Results147epidemics were notified.The number of paˉtients reached19834.Fatality rate was as high as3.08‰.Whether outbreak times or death numbers,the proˉportion in village ranked highest,lowest in city.The epidemics in school were more than those in other places.The frequency was higher than that in1998～2001.But the fatality rate was lower significantly.Conclusion The distribution of important communicable diseases from 2002 to 2004 accords with the normal situation in Guangxi basically.”Three networks”play an important role in leader's responsibility,notifying sensitivity and rescue.