抗战时期毛泽东、蒋介石民族主义思想之比较——兼论二者对战后中国政局的影响

Comparison between Mao Zedong's and Jiang Jieshi's Nationalism Thought during Anti-Japanese War——Also on Their Influences on the Political Situation after the War

抗战时期,毛泽东坚持将国际主义与民族利益有机结合,坚持将民族主义与民主政治相结合。而蒋介石则推行集法西斯主义的专制性、保守主义的守旧性和爱国主义的进步性于一身的民族主义。民族独立是两种民族主义的共性,也是两党合作的基础。毛泽东、蒋介石民族主义的不同特点却分别对战后中国政局产生了不同的影响。蒋介石虽然利用了民族主义为政府提供合法性基础的作用,却忽略或回避了对民众利益的关注。在民族敌人消退后,蒋介石民族主义剥夺民众自由、权利的一面与已经启动的民族独立、民主的历史进程背道而驰,从而遭到大众背弃。而中国共产党则充分发挥了民族主义对民众政治参与意识的促进功能,成功地将众阶层纳入了统一的抗日救亡运动,并为日后政权的确立准备了深厚的民众基础。

During the wartime of Anti-Japan,Mao Zedong adhered to combining internationalism with national interests and nationalism with democratic political system.Different from Mao Zedong's nationalism,during the wartime,Jiang Jieshi's nationalism incorporated Fascism autocracy,adhering to past practices of conservatism and progress of the patriotism of fascism into an organic whole.The generality of nationalism made nationalism become the important thought foundation that the Kuomintang and Communist enter into cooperation;national independence was the common goal under the prerequisiteof their different ideology.The different characteristics between Mao Zedong's and Jiang Jieshi's nationalism separately exerted different influence on China's political situation after the war:though Jiang Jieshi utilized nationalism function of offering the legitimate foundation to government,but neglected or avoided the concern about people's interests.After the national enemy disappeared,the practice of Jiang Jieshi's nationalism depriving people's freedom and right acted counter to national independence and historical process of democracy that had already been started,caused the people in power getting passive in front of people and being betrayed for losing their having obtained authority day by day.While the CPC had given nationalism full role to the promotion function to people's political sense of participation,successfully included the elite from each group,intellectuals and peasants with most population in the national salvation movement of unifying AntiJapan,and established solid foundations of people for the regime in the future.