从魏玛宪法看魏玛共和的体制性弊端

Studying the Abuse of the Weimar Republic System from the Weimar Constitution

魏玛宪法作为一部民主性律法,有其不可否定的历史作用,但魏玛宪法也存在体制性弊端。魏玛宪法中的双首长制造成总统权力扩张,议会政治难以运行;其比例代表制助长了小党的生存和发展,推动了纳粹党的发展壮大;另外,赋予总统紧急处分权也导致希特勒纳粹独裁有机可乘。这些体制性弊端一步步侵蚀了魏玛共和的根基,它客观上助长了纳粹独裁,也使自己最终葬送于纳粹独裁之手。

As a law with democracy, The Weimar Constitution had an undeniable historic meaning. But it also had a blank wall from the abuses of the Weimar republic system. The system of both directors made the power of the president expand and made it difficult to run the parliament; its system of the proportional representatives made it easy that the little parties existed and developed. It also promoted the development of the Nazi. On the other hand, it also offered a chance for Hitler giving the President a power in emergency. The abuses of the system impaired the base of the republic of Weimar gradually. In fact it accelerated the autarchy of Nazi and made itself withering.