时空数据模型的研究进展评述

A Review on Progress in Spatiotemporal Data Modeling

时空数据模型是研究地学时空过程的基础数据设施条件.在介绍时空数据模型的研究进展的同时也讨论了当前主要时空数据模型的优缺点.时空数据模型根据其建模思路主要地可分为4类,即着重于描述时空状态序列的过程模型,着重于描述某个时间点上形成的时空因果联系的时间点模型,意图全面描述时空关系的面向对象的模型以及满足特定时空推理方法要求的专用数据模型.时空对象的特征变化过程、空间关系以及时序关系的表达在时空数据模型的研究中讨论得比较广泛而深入,但是针对时空中的相互作用过程及存在于其中的时空因果联系以及针对时空不确定性的表达研究目前仍显不足,需要进一步研究.针对特定时空推理算法的专用时空数据模型需要与时空推理模型的研究紧密结合才能取得同步发展.越来越多的多源异构时空数据需要一个逻辑上的集成模型以实现一体化的数据管理,这方面的研究也需要进一步深入.

<Abstrcat>The spatiotemporal data model (STDM) is a prerequisite for research on the spatiotemporal process. Based on spatial data models that describes the spatial features and relationship, recent studies on STDM tended to focus on the temporal order relationship as well as the causes and effects in the spatiotemporal process. Four main approaches to construction on STDM are categorized: process modeling, time modeling, object-oriented data modeling, and special spatiotemporal data modeling. Process modeling focuses on the changes of the spatiotemporal objects' features. Time modeling draws attention to the causalities in the variation of the spatiotemporal objects' features. Object-oriented data modeling attempts to give the whole description of the spatiotemporal object. Special spatiotemporal data modeling is set up based on spatiotemporal reasoning. Meanwhile, the evaluation of the advantages and the disadvantages of the main STDMs are explored. The changes of the spatiotemporal objects' features, the spatial relationship and the temporal order relationship between the spatiotemporal objects can be comprehensively represented by some current data models. However, the studies on the representation of the causality-relationship in the spatiotemporal process and the spatiotemporal uncertainty, including the spatial uncertainty, the temporal uncertainty and the spatiotemporal uncertainty, still are rough. The spatiotemporal reasoning is closely connected to its relative special STDMs so that the progress in the spatiotemporal data modeling especially for satisfying the demand of the spatiotemporal reasoning can only be made with the development of the spatiotemporal reasoning model. The integration data model of the multi-source spatiotemporal data with different structure needs thus more focuses in the future research.